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Sustainable development has been a focus of discussions at large international summits: first of all in Rio in 1992; 10 years later in Johannesburg in 2002. Other international initiatives have been formed since the end of the 90s. Notable, amongst others, are:
• the United Nations Global Compact, an initiative launched in 1999 at the Davos World Economic Forum in Switzerland by former U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan. This pact requests business to adopt, support and apply a group of 10 fundamental values in the areas of human rights, work standards, the environment and the fight against corruption. The operational phase of the Compact was launched at UN headquarters in New York on 26 July 2000.
• the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) which developed globally applicable criteria and systems of management to monitor economic, environmental and social, starting with businesses, with all government and non-governmental organisations to follow.
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